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Javnost - The Public, Vol. 31 - 2024, Suplement
Guest Edited by Jernej Kaluža and Sašo Slaček Brlek
Novinarska svoboda skozi optiko novinarjev: analiza izsledkov ankete svetovi novinarstva v Sloveniji
Članek, ki izhaja iz kompleksnega konceptualnega razmerja med novinarsko svobodo, avtonomijo in neodvisnostjo, temelji na empirični analizi anketnih podatkov, zbranih med prvo izvedbo mednarodne raziskave Svetovi novinarstva na vzorcu slovenskih novinarjev. Avtorji novinarstvo razumejo kot verovanjski sistem, v katerem novinarsko svobodo ključno sooblikujejo percepcija neodvisnosti in pogoji avtonomije. Študija se osredinja na percepcijo vplivov na novinarsko delo, pri čemer avtorji razlikujejo med ‚svobodo za‘ (avtonomnost delovanja v skladu z moralnimi in etičnimi načeli ter vrednotami) in ‚svobodo od‘ (neodvisnost od ovir, omejitev in vmešavanja v novinarsko delo). Rezultati nakazujejo razlikovanje med štirimi skupinami novinarjev glede na tipe vplivov na njihovo delo: novinarji pod vplivom “pomembnih drugih”, avtonomni novinarji, novinarji pod poslovno-ekonomskimi vplivi in novinarji pod politično-poslovnimi vplivi. Politični in ekonomski vplivi so glede na anketirance najmočnejši v komercialnih medijih ter v skupnostnih in neprofitnih medijih, medtem ko avtonomni tip novinarstva prevladuje v javnih medijih. Hkrati ugotavljamo, da novinarji nižje v odločevalski hierarhiji zaznavajo politične vplive intenzivneje in bolj oprijemljivo kot tisti z uredniškimi funkcijami.
Journalistic Freedom Through the Lens of Journalists: An Analysis of the Findings from the Worlds of Journalism Survey in Slovenia
The article analyses the complex conceptual relationship between journalistic freedom, autonomy, and independence, drawing on an empirical analysis of survey data collected during the first edition of the international Worlds of Journalism study among a sample of Slovenian journalists. The authors conceptualize journalism as a belief system in which journalistic freedom is fundamentally shaped by perceptions of independence and conditions of autonomy. The study examines perceptions of influences on journalistic work, distinguishing between “freedom for” (the autonomy to act in accordance with moral and ethical principles) and “freedom from” (independence from obstacles, constraints, and interference). The results identify four groups of journalists based on the types of influences on their work: those influenced by “significant others,” autonomous journalists, those affected by business-economic influences, and those impacted by political-business influences. Respondents report that political and economic pressures are strongest in commercial and community/non-profit media, while autonomous journalism is most prevalent in public service media. Additionally, journalists in lower positions within the decision-making hierarchy perceive political influence more intensely than those in editorial roles.
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